EPA tightens health standard for airborne lead

Date: 10/16/2008 7:30 PM

By DINA CAPPIELLO
Associated Press Writer


WASHINGTON (AP) _ Three decades after removing lead from gasoline, the Environmental Protection Agency is slashing the amount of the toxic metal that will be allowed in the nation's air by 90 percent.

EPA officials, under a federal court order to set a new standard by midnight Wednesday, said the limit would better protect public health, especially for children. They can inhale lead particles released from smelters, mines and waste incinerators and ingest it after it settles on surfaces.

Exposure to even low levels of lead early in life can affect learning, IQ and memory in children. Lead can cause cardiovascular, blood pressure and kidney problems in adults.

"Our nation's air is cleaner today than just a generation ago, and last night I built upon this progress by signing the strongest air quality standards for lead in our nation's history," the EPA chief, Stephen Johnson, said Thursday. "Thanks to this stronger standard, EPA will protect my children from remaining sources of airborne lead."

The new limit, 0.15 micrograms per cubic meter, is the first update since 1978, when the government helped phase out leaded gasoline. It is 10 times lower than the old standard, 1.5 micrograms per cubic meter.

The EPA estimates that 18 counties in a dozen states will violate the new standard. That means state and local governments must find ways to further reduce lead emissions.

The new limit is in the lower end of a range recommended in May by the agency's independent scientific advisory panel. By contrast, the Bush administration did not follow its own staff's advice or its science advisers when it set health standards for smog and soot that were less stringent than recommendations.

The EPA also said it would require lead to be measured in 101 cities and near sources that release at least 1 ton of lead per year.

A representative for the Association of Battery Recyclers said the new standard would be difficult to meet. Several members of the group, which represents 14 facilities that recycle lead from car batteries, met two weeks ago with White House and EPA officials to seek a less stringent standard.

"We have put in the best controls and we are going to still have compliance problems," said Robert Steinwurtzel, a lawyer for the group. "We explained to them our concerns that if the standard was promulgated at lower end of EPA's range it would threaten viability of industry."

Environmentalists hailed the move but said the agency could have done more to monitor emissions and ensure the standard is met.

"We commend EPA for taking a giant step in the right direction, but they need to greatly expand the lead monitoring network if they hope to enforce this standard," said Dr. Gina Solomon, a senior scientist with the Natural Resource Defense Council.

The EPA will designate areas that fail to meet the new standard by October 2011. Based on air quality data from collected from 2005-2007, 18 counties in Alabama, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Texas would fail to meet the standard.

The EPA said the cost of the reductions would be between $150 million to $2.8 billion, but the standard would produce economic benefits of $3.7 billion to $6.9 billion. In calculating the benefits, the agency assumed that children would be smarter and earn more money as a result of less lead in the air.

The government was under a court order to review the standard after a 2004 lawsuit by the Missouri Coalition for the Environment on behalf of two former residents of Herculaneum, Mo., the home of the last lead smelter in the U.S. The smelter repeatedly has violated the older health standard for lead in recent years. Blood taken from children in the area in 2002 showed elevated concentrations of the toxic metal.

The Doe Run Co., which operates the Herculaneum smelter, said the facility is now in compliance with the current standard. Dan Vornberg, the company's vice president for environmental affairs, said the new standard "will have a significant impact on our operations" and will require exploring options such as new technologies and process adjustments.

The suit charged that the EPA had failed to review the lead standard every five years as law requires. Since 1990, more than 6,000 studies have examined the effects of lead on health and the environment, according to the agency.

"They still have to enforce it," said Kathleen Logan Smith, executive director of the coalition. "But it is there. It is a start."

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On the Net:

EPA lead site: www.epa.gov/air/lead

Doe Run. Co.: http://www.doerun.com/

Copyright 2008 The Associated Press.

www.lead-info.com

Drug companies: No cold medicines for kids under 4

Date: 10/7/2008 12:03 PM

By RICARDO ALONSO-ZALDIVAR
Associated Press Writer


WASHINGTON (AP) _ Children under 4 should not be given over-the-counter cough and cold remedies, drug companies said Tuesday in a concession to pediatricians who doubt the drugs do much good and worry about risks.

The voluntary change in advice to parents comes less than a week after federal health officials said they also saw little evidence that the drugs work. But government officials were afraid that taking the medicines off store shelves might prompt parents to give their children adult medicines.

The drug makers said they will also add a warning that parents should not give antihistamines to children to make them sleepy. These are allergy-relief medications often found in medicines that combine several ingredients to treat a variety of symptoms.

The new measures "reflect industry's overall commitment to the continued safe and appropriate use of children's oral OTC cough and cold medicines," Linda Suydam, president of the Consumer Healthcare Products Association, said in announcing the changes on behalf of the companies.

"We are doing this voluntarily out of an abundance of caution," she added. The new instructions will appear on products distributed for the coming cold season. Last year, the companies pulled medicines for babies and tots under 2 from the market.

Pediatricians, who have been calling for a ban on OTC cough and cold remedies for children under 6, welcomed the industry's latest shift.

"It's a huge step forward," said Dr. Joshua Sharfstein, Baltimore's health commissioner. "There is no evidence that these products work in kids, and there is definitely evidence of serious side effects."

Problems with OTC cough and cold medicines send some 7,000 children to hospital emergency rooms each year, with symptoms including hives, drowsiness and unsteady walking. Many kids overdose by taking medicines when their parents aren't looking.

Since a majority of the problems involve 2- to 3-year-olds, the industry's new instructions, if followed by parents, should help.

"The 2- and 3-year-olds are definitely the highest risk," said Sharfstein. "More than 50 percent of the problem is with these kids. "If they don't have this stuff around the home, they're less likely to grab it and ingest it."

Pediatricians still support recalling the medicines for children under 6, and the Food and Drug Administration is studying their effectiveness for children under 12. But federal health officials said at a public hearing last week that it could take them a year or more to make a final decision and order changes.

Leading cough and cold brands include Dimetapp, Pediacare, Robitussin, Triaminic, Little Colds and versions of Tylenol that have ingredients to treat cold symptoms. U.S. families spend at least $287 million a year on cold remedies for kids, according to Nielsen Co. statistics that do not include Wal-Mart sales.

The industry also said it is expanding an educational campaign aimed at getting parents to be more careful about giving their kids cough and cold medicines.

Parents should never:

—Give adult medicines to a child.

—Give two or more medicines with the same ingredients at the same time.

—Give antihistamines to make a child sleepy.

Parents should:

—Give the exact recommended dose, using the measuring device that comes with the medicine.

—Keep OTC medicines out of sight and out of reach.

—Consult their doctor if they have any questions.

Colds usually clear up by themselves after a few days, and many doctors say rest and drinking plenty of fluids are all that's needed.

___

On the Net:

Consumer Healthcare Products Association statement: http://tinyurl.com/4bzj2f

Copyright 2008 The Associated Press.

EPA won't limit toxic chemical in drinking water

Date: 10/3/2008 5:28 PM

By ERICA WERNER
Associated Press Writer

WASHINGTON (AP) _ Federal regulators said Friday they don't plan to try to rid drinking water supplies of a toxic rocket fuel ingredient that's been found in 35 states.

The Environmental Protection Agency will take public comment for 30 days before finalizing its decision not to regulate the contaminant, perchlorate, in drinking water. The Associated Press and other news outlets reported the agency's plans last month based on internal EPA documents.

The announcement Friday provoked outrage from Democratic lawmakers and a lawsuit threat from environmental groups. Particularly widespread in California and Texas, perchlorate has been found to interfere with thyroid function and pose developmental health risks, particularly for babies and fetuses.

"EPA's decision has industry's fingerprints all over it. Weapons makers will benefit at the expense of millions of Americans," said Earthjustice attorney George Torgun. He said Earthjustice would argue in court that perchlorate does qualify for regulation under the Safe Drinking Water Act.

The decision on perchlorate has been pending for years as the Pentagon tussled with EPA over the issue.

The Defense Department used perchlorate for decades in testing missiles and rockets, and most perchlorate contamination is the result of defense and aerospace activities, congressional investigators said last year.

The Pentagon could face liability if EPA set a national drinking water standard that forced water agencies around the country to undertake costly clean-up efforts. But Pentagon officials have insisted they did not seek to influence EPA's decision.

States have already moved ahead with their own drinking water standards, with California setting a limit of 6 parts per billion and Massachusetts setting it at 2 parts per billion.

EPA said in a press release Friday that it had determined that in more than 99 percent of public drinking water systems, perchlorate was not at levels of public health concern. Under the Safe Drinking Water Act, "the agency determined there is not a 'meaningful opportunity for health risk reduction' through a national drinking water regulation."

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On the Net:

Government Accountability Report with map of 35 states found to have perchlorate:

http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05462.pdf

Copyright 2008 The Associated Press.